The Do31 was conceived as a jet-powered VTOL tactical transport. Three prototypes were built, two were flight tested starting in 1967.

The Do31 was powered by two Bristol Siddeley Pegasus 5-2 lift/cruise engines and eight Rolls-Royce RB.162 lift engines mounted at the tip of the wings.

This is Do31 E3 on display at Flugwerft Oberschleissheim. Do31 E1 is preserved at the -> Dornier Museum.